Low water pressure can make everyday tasks like washing dishes or showering frustrating. However, sometimes, it isn’t just an inconvenience. Low water pressure can signal underlying plumbing problems that need attention. Issues like clogged pipes, a failing pressure regulator, or buildup in your faucets and showerheads can all contribute to the problem.
Low Water Pressure in a Single Fixture
Minor issues usually cause isolated low water pressure in a single faucet or showerhead. Sometimes, the problem is something you can solve on your own, but other, more complex issues require the attention of a professional plumber.
Faucet Valve Issues
The water supply to your faucet is controlled by valves located under the sink, usually in the cabinet. There is one for hot water and another for cold water. If they are not fully open, you may experience low water pressure. The handles on the valves allow you to control water flow. Turn the valve handles counter-clockwise until they stop to ensure they are fully open. If you find the valve is stuck, do not force it. Forcing a valve can cause it to break, which could leave you with a huge mess to clean up. Contacting a plumber at this point is your best option.
If the valve is fully open but you’re still experiencing low water pressure, check the supply lines connecting the faucet to the water valve. In most homes, these will be flexible tubing. Just like a garden hose, if they are kinked, no water will flow. Items stored under the sink can shift, putting pressure on the supply lines and causing them to kink or become pinched. You can simply move the offending item to solve the issue. However, be ready to turn the valve off quickly in case the kinking caused a hole in the line. If the tubing is damaged, it will need to be replaced.
If the problem is not related to a partially closed valve or kinked line, the issue is most likely due to mineral or debris buildup. Over time, gunk can build up in a valve and create a partial blockage, leading to low water pressure. In this case, the valve will need to be cleaned or replaced entirely by a professional.
Faucet Aerator Problems
A common cause of low water pressure can be a clogged aerator, which is the small screen at the end of your faucet. Over time, minerals from hard water can build up on the aerator, restricting water flow. To clean it, first turn off the water to the faucet. Then, use a towel to protect the finish and gently unscrew the head of the faucet with pliers or a wrench. Once removed, inspect the screen for any debris or buildup. After removing visible debris, rinse the aerator under warm water for about two minutes to clear out any remaining particles.
For stubborn buildup, you can then soak the aerator in vinegar and water for two to three hours. Once cleaned, reattach the aerator and turn the water back on to test the flow. Regular cleaning can prevent buildup and keep water pressure strong. Replacing the aerator may be necessary if cleaning doesn’t improve the pressure. You can usually find these small screens at your local hardware store.
Clogged Cartridge
If water does not flow from the faucet, there may be a clog in the cartridge under the handle. Start by turning off both the hot and cold water supply to the fixture.
Next, remove the faucet handle. Look for a decorative cap or cover on top or the side of the handle. This cap usually hides the screw that holds the handle in place. Use a flathead screwdriver to pry off the cap gently. Once the screw is exposed, use a screwdriver to unscrew it. With the screw removed, you should be able to pull the handle off the faucet.
After removing the handle, you can access the cartridge. Remove the cartridge and inspect it for any debris or mineral buildup. As with aerators, it can be soaked in vinegar and water to loosen stubborn buildup. If you notice that the gaskets or o-rings are worn, it is best to replace them. If you’re uncomfortable with this process, a professional plumber can help.
Low Water Pressure Issues That Affect Your Whole Home
Widespread low water pressure usually requires the expertise of a professional plumber.
Plumbing Leaks
Plumbing leaks are one of the most common causes of low water pressure. In this scenario, you may have several faucets with weak water flow. You may also notice that appliances like your dishwasher or laundry machine are filling slowly. In many cases, leaks can be so subtle that they’re easy to miss but still cause noticeable pressure drops.
Professional plumbers use advanced diagnostic tools, such as pressure gauges and thermal imaging, to detect leaks that may not be immediately visible. These methods allow them to pinpoint the exact location of the leak, helping them make targeted repairs and restore normal water pressure quickly.
Broken Pressure Regulator
A broken pressure regulator can also cause low water pressure. Pressure regulators manage the water pressure coming into your home, ensuring it stays between 45 and 60 psi. Depending on the quality and exposure to the elements, they typically last 10 to 15 years. A plumber can usually replace a defective one in a few hours.
Pipe Debris Buildup
Plumbing blockages can also lower water pressure. Mineral buildup is a common problem in hardwater areas. Minerals, like calcium and magnesium, coat the walls of pipes, reducing the diameter and water pressure. Hydro-jetting is an effective treatment that can remove the buildup.
If you have hard mineral problems, consider installing a water softener to prevent low water pressure in the future. Water softeners remove hard minerals from the supply side before they enter your home.
Pipe Corrosion
Pipe corrosion can also affect water pressure. Over time, oxidation builds up inside pipes, narrowing the diameter like hard mineral buildup. This issue is common in older homes with galvanized steel pipes. Eventually, the corrosion will worsen, leading to leaks.
Consider replacing old galvanized steel plumbing with newer options, such as PEX, which does not corrode like metal. With proper installation and maintenance, it can last 50 years or more.
Water Shutoff Valve Problems
The water shutoff valve controls the flow of water into your house. If the valve is partially closed, your home will not experience full water pressure. If the valve works correctly, reopening is an easy fix. However, if you cannot turn it due to corrosion, you will have to contact a plumber to replace it.
Contact Your Local Professionals
At Pure Plumbing & Air, we have been serving the residents of Las Vegas, NV and the surrounding areas since 2013. We stand behind our work 100% and offer various plumbing services, including installation, maintenance, and fixture repair. Our team provides leak detection, mainline repair, and water treatment services. If you have low water pressure or other plumbing issues, contact us today to schedule an appointment with one of our experienced team members.
